
District of Columbia Public Library patrons can now get holds and overdue notifications via SMS. What’s almost even cooler is something I learned just a few months back. When you apply for a DCPL card online it is immediately active and can be used to place holds and use electronic resources. And actually, people in DC don’t even need to get a physical library card. They can opt to use their drivers license and its number as their barcode. Pretty convenient. DCPL CIO Chris Tonjes and consultant Bill McClendon did a nice job with this stuff.
text message notifications from the DCPL
User Interface Engineering Roadshow Portland
Today I had the pleasure of attending an all day workshop with usability maven Jared Spool. He talked about designing great user experiences and I’ll be thinking about what he said in relation to my projects for work, the whole DCPL and libraries in general.
Once I sort it all out I’ll likely post about it, but I thought I’d put up my (totally unedited) notes so you could see the types of things we talked about.
############
INTRO
looking at the bigger picture of designing user experience from an execution standpoint
can’t say “hey everybody, go be innovative” and expect them to do it
THE DAWNING of the AGE of EXPERIENCE
studied companies that were creating great experiences and compared to those that weren’t
SanDisk sansa
-they thought it was going to be huge. it is actually very very nice. no one bought it, even though the ipod is technically inferior.
WHY?
iTunes. [jenny would be squirming] you can’t do anything on the device itself, you must use the PC. $.99 songs. apple turned it into a fashion statement. the “genius” will help you. there are no zune stores. —> the ipod is a complete, and great, experience.
8 years ago they weren’t in the music selling business at all, now they’re selling 1,000,000,000 songs per year.
—
blockbuster total access online DVD service. how many of you subscribe? 5 netflix? 80% of the room
netflix has kidnapped blockbuster’s business in just a few years. and it is just a website whereas w/ blockbuster you can find a physical store if you want.
netflix says that 85% of new subscribers say an existing subscriber recommended them [this applies to me]
93% of subscribers evangelize Netflix to friends & family [again]
– experience design disasters –
big box retailer loses 20% of revenue after spending $100 million on redesign
employee revolt after firm launches new intranet
!! improved design can lead to a big reduction in page views because people find stuff faster !!
- designers can think of usability issues and come up with correct answers. nondesigners need to test to find the correct answers. this also happens with chicken sexing too. sexers can predict the sex of baby chicks with 95% accuracy even though chicks display no outward signs of gender. you too can be trained to be a chicken sexer but no one knows how to teach it. other areas where this phenomena occurs: estimating baby weight (from midwives), detecting enemy planes in WWII, making sushi (there’s something not quite there when you try to make it yourself. chefs just work next to sushi chefs until they absorb it).
the brain can learn things while the process isn’t open to introspection
in this instance, people learn by being next to people who know what they’re doing [hmm, cross-training in libraries? inter library exchange?] gladwell says it takes about 10,000 hours [!]
ask someone what makes netflix so great. jared has spoken to about 200 and no one has mentioned the IA of the website. they also won’t mention the popups (nor naming ajax). they also won’t mention social networking (people don’t even notice their using social networking) [that's good]
— the great netflix experience is invisible. bad design is apparent.
[various web foibles]
the guy putting info into the database determines part of the user experience
look at fare explanation screens at united, american, vs southwest [yeah!]. southwest has awesome copy writing.
experience design:
information architecture
usability practices
design process management
copy writing
interaction design
visual design (not just aesthetics, but communicating priority too)
editing & curating (what goes in, what is left out)
also? (enterprise skills)
domain knowledge
analytics
ethnography
business knowledge
marketing
technology
social networks
use cases
agile methods
since teams are becoming smaller, they must be multi-disciplinary
FEMA disaster chart. response leads to…disaster!
good experience design is cultural. essential components =
good communications
clear focus on vision (what are you building)
the right people (hiring is the #1 thing that predicts success or failure)
feedback loops
fast iterations [websites, library services]
making fast iterations happen
eliminate major redesigns! [krug] break designs into small chunks
big emphasis on feedback mechanism, collect tons of info
get everyone involved
what would you have to do to make your product the next ipod/netflix of your industry?
-three questions determine whether you will or won’t
1. Can everyone on the team describe the experience of using your design five years from now?
2. In the last six weeks, have you spent more than two hours watching someone use your design?
-best organizations do it weekly
3. In the last six weeks have you rewarded a team member for creating a major design failure?
? from audience: learning from observation. how do you convince a boss to let you observe people for five years?
response: skills vs talents. find people with talents and up their skills.
this is nothing new. apprenticeship.
good experience design is good for employees and customers
-it is necessary for employees to understand everything
## netflix put a call center in hillsboro oregon. how did they choose that location? they determined that the people in hillsboro and surrounding were the friendliest people they could find.
- commitment to UX culture
? from audience: how do you create a culture of UX?
response: first you need to collect people’s current experiences so you understand why it is important. then talk about mistakes openly
? from audience: what format do you use to collect people’s experiences?
response: depends on what type of stuff you need. behaviors? opinions?
############PART TWO
team market maturity
new functionality & technology —> just creating stuff. what you’re creating is new and novel or you’ve locked your users in. [libraries not in this place]
features —> products get sophisticated [libraries beyond this]
experience —> so many features it is overwhelming, must respond. ( google screen vs. altavista, basecamp vs MS project [libraries probably here] [see pdf for UX activities] **customers lean towards competitors with simpler UX**
UX activities = identify essential functionality and experience
commodity —> what you build is part of a larger product (UPS info on amazon, google maps in websites) [sounds good to me]
there are only five things executives care about
increase revenue
decrease expenses [*]
increase new customer base [*]
increase existing customer business [*]
how engaged are you with the brand?
increase shareholder value [* making worth known to communities / decision makers]
primary design decision style
unintended [default in libraries]
self (37 signals, “we’re designing for ourselves”)
genius (based on past experience and research…not one “genius” doing the work)
activity-focused (what is the best way for people to do X)
user focused (experiential issues, creating personas)
###PART THREE###
1.Can everyone on the team describe the experience of using your design five years from now?
-how do you make one of these statements?
making a vision statement for EXPERIENCE, not the product
your statement should not be able to describe every other product (or even experience)
won’t be exciting to others outside of your company
different from your mission statement
should have measurable items
apple’s 1987 knowledge navigator video [wow, compare to participatory libraries and lankes' scapes]
what’s in a good vision statement?
aspirational
lists current experience (if people aren’t aware of it)
insights and innovation comes from studying differences
research not 100% necessary, but having it avoids opinion wars
steps for making a vison
ID the design agents
conduct research
craft personas and scenarios
script envisionment
produce it
==PART FOUR===
USING ILLUSIONS TO SIMPLIFY DESIGN
the skill of magic!
inspiration came from his son who is a professional magician
illusion = separating the user’s model from the designer’s model
but in design we’re supposed to design for the user, right?
these are not mutually exclusive
complexity fades into the background, simplicity appears in the foreground
–the role of perception–
the role of delight and the kano model
excitement! generators!
delight by whimsicality (fairy doors of ann arbor)
more human, less sterile
delight by attention (the picture of your ipod with its color and its name, flickr home page with relevant info, bestwestern.com suggesting towns next to ones they don’t have hotels in)
delight by functionality (providing a great product, proflowers.com, farecast.com)
**must have basic functionality before you can concentrate on delight**
a deliberately difficult, delightful design

The website for Clyde Common in Portland contains the most appropriate use of mystery meat navigation I’ve ever seen.
Generally, not making links (and their destinations) completely apparent is bad form, but this site intentionally obfuscates things to engage the user. Go to the site and mouse over the sections. You’ll be rewarded with cute, simple animations. *

The wine and cocktails chunk tickles me not only because of the repetition of the word tail, but also because the pig looks like he’s had a strong pull.
The last time I remember being so taken with something being intentionally more difficult than normal is when I saw this clock.

* You’ll also encounter two unannounced PDFs which is is typical on restaurant sites and hardly ever welcome.
a modern, functional OPAC
I’ve used quite a few library OPACs. I’ve also used and sought out the best of the open web. You’ve probably done the same and like me, you’ve probably been dismayed at the disparity between the two worlds. The open web can be fun and inspiring. Would you say the same of our OPACs? I’ve thought about what OPACs should be like in bits and pieces and decided to assemble them here.
A Problem
Besides all of the small, simple usability enhancements OPACs need (listed way below) a big concern about library websites and OPACs is the distracting transition between the two. You know the routine. Ubiquitous “Click here to search the catalog” links take users from one place to another and create a disjointed experience.
A Solution
One way to provide a seamless experience is to put some OPAC functions into the website, letting people accomplish OPAC tasks without having to leave the library website. In my dream OPAC this go-between is essentially an ecommerce shopping basket but called a backpack or bookshelf in this instance. Just like on amazon.com, when logged in, a patron’s library backpack appears on every library webpage, whether it be the homepage, a book list, or the results list of a search. Any item cover on the website can be dragged and dropped into users’ backpack/bookshelf.

[drag and dropping a book cover - click for big on flickr]
Dragging and dropping triggers a dialog that allows people to get more information, find where an item is located or place a reserve. Here’s a concept of the resulting dialog from dragging an item to a backpack.

[resulting dialog, rest of screen greyed out - - click for big on flickr]
Patrons could be given the chance to customize what happens when they drag an item to their shelf. For instance, the backpack could be set to place reserves automatically. Speaking of customization, patrons should be allowed to choose which metaphor they want to use, a backpack or a bookshelf. The default should be associated with the patron’s age, giving young people backpacks and older people bookshelves.
The library backpack also serves as the basis for user profiles in the OPAC since patrons can choose to share their bookshelves with others. People reading the same book are given access to a dedicated book discussion room that has great content seeded by librarians. (This type of automatic affinity group creation is what happens on 43 Things.) When browsing people’s shared backpacks/shelves (naturally a nice graphical representation with item covers) patrons can drag items into their backpacks to initiate the dialog. User profiles are important because they’re the basis for interactivity. There can be no community without individuals.
Here are some other features that should be part of the interface between our content and our people:
Display
→ A relevant, modern (not looking like a geocities site from 1996) design built using CSS so that users can select from a few themes when logged in.
→ Options for browsing such as:
- Text lists
- Tag clouds
- Item covers
→ Persistent URLs for bibliographic/item records
→ New title lists by title, book covers, genre
→ Display most popular items, highest rated items
→ Bib/Item Record Options
- Favorite it
- Get citation
- Share/email
- Add to book list
User generated content
→ User profiles. This allows people the ability to:
- make comments/reviews
- rate items
- make, display and share book lists
- mark items as favorite, review and display favorites, and see who else has favorite items
- recommend items to others
- record personal checkout history and display it
Finding options
→ single search box, with the option for “advanced” search
→ Ability to search
- just the catalog
- catalog and web
- catalog, web and databases
- web and databases
→ Sort results by relevance, date published, title, author, number of circulations
→ Filtering search options by material type, author, subject, location
→ Summary of book upon mouseover (with the option to turn off) [idea credit: Jenny Levine]
→ Where is this item located? (Display on a map all branches where the book is located, clicking on a branch loads a map of the library)
→ Links to related websites and databases on appropriate bibliographic/item records
→ Movies have a link to imdb.com entry, CDs have a link to allmusic.com entry, books lead to some relevant site or database. Novelist, perhaps?
→ New item RSS feeds galore:
- entire collection
- genre
- material type
- author
- OPAC searches
The feeds should be modular in that the limiting factors should be combinable giving the ability to produce a feed for, say, new audiobooks from author John Steinbeck.
From Theory to Practice
All of this stuff could come together to make a modern, functional OPAC. Some would be easy to do (and in fact has been done) and some slightly more difficult. None of it comes even close to being impossible or too much to accomplish. What’s stopping us?
There is a good chance that an interface approaching this is going to exist within the next 6-12 months, one way or an other. That’s all I can really say except for that I’m pretty thrilled about it.
Please leave further suggestions in a comment. How would you like your OPAC to behave?
[In this post I used images from vufind, brooklyn public library, DC public library, and crumpler bags. I made up that totally lame logo all by myself.]
ebsco’s more usable interface
Kathleen McEvoy of EBSCO commented on my social database mockup with a link to an informational page about EBSCO’s redesign/ next product called EBSCOhost® 2.0.
Just so I’m not accused of constantly bashing library product vendors, I’ll tell you straightaway that despite the fact that “2.0″ appears 17 times on the informational page, the actual interface looks much, *much* nicer. I haven’t used the product yet but from the demo it looks like the default interface is just one search box.
There’s a nifty slider for limiting the date range of search results. The citation tool looks really easy to use with a one click copy to clipboard feature.
Adding articles to a folder to save them takes one click. Deleting them is as simple as X-ing them out. These things make me happy.
It’s a bit strange to be praising a company for doing the things that should have been standard all along, but I’ll highlight the effort regardless. I haven’t actually used it yet, but EBSCOhost® 2.0 seems to have addressed some usability issues. This is good. Now they’re free to facilitate interaction and make it social. When I get to actually use the interface I’ll report any additional thoughts.
I’m glad Kathleen commented on the post. This is a *good* example of a library vendor being responsive to the conversations that are taking place.
…
Ok, one more little gripe, not really related to their redesign. Just me being a logo nerd. Why is the “host” in EBSCOhost® in italics when it is text, but not when it is in their logo?
ebsco's more usable interface
Kathleen McEvoy of EBSCO commented on my social database mockup with a link to an informational page about EBSCO’s redesign/ next product called EBSCOhost® 2.0.
Just so I’m not accused of constantly bashing library product vendors, I’ll tell you straightaway that despite the fact that “2.0″ appears 17 times on the informational page, the actual interface looks much, *much* nicer. I haven’t used the product yet but from the demo it looks like the default interface is just one search box.
There’s a nifty slider for limiting the date range of search results. The citation tool looks really easy to use with a one click copy to clipboard feature.
Adding articles to a folder to save them takes one click. Deleting them is as simple as X-ing them out. These things make me happy.
It’s a bit strange to be praising a company for doing the things that should have been standard all along, but I’ll highlight the effort regardless. I haven’t actually used it yet, but EBSCOhost® 2.0 seems to have addressed some usability issues. This is good. Now they’re free to facilitate interaction and make it social. When I get to actually use the interface I’ll report any additional thoughts.
I’m glad Kathleen commented on the post. This is a *good* example of a library vendor being responsive to the conversations that are taking place.
…
Ok, one more little gripe, not really related to their redesign. Just me being a logo nerd. Why is the “host” in EBSCOhost® in italics when it is text, but not when it is in their logo?
QuestionPoint widget review, or, sweeping vendor dirt
Caleb Tucker-Raymond provides a review of the new widgets available with OCLC’s virtual reference software QuestionPoint at his L-net blog. Titled “QuestionPoint widgets and what to do about them”, his review is entirely fair and instead of simply pointing out the faults of the QP widgets he offers a workaround.
Read his post, but I’ll tell you in short that he likes the way the QP widgets handle patron privacy options.
That’s about it.
What he doesn’t like is that the widget continues to not facilitate the type of collaboration that Oregon’s L-net is all about. The specifics get into some QP geekery concerning the widgets being assigned to only one QP “queue.”
This isn’t a software problem so much as a policy problem. OCLC has made the assumption that our virtual reference services will be very very popular if we implement this kind of interface and the 24/7 Cooperative and the paid OCLC Backup Staff won’t be able to handle it. As a result, the widget functions in the way I described above.Talk about fear of success! I’ve sent several complaints and suggestions for other strategies to measure and manage this potential problem, but have yet to get a response or acknowledgment from OCLC.
…
The main practical problem with us using the widget is that saying that chat is unavailable isn’t truthful – we’re available 24/7, it’s the widget that is not.
His solution to the problem involves some javascript to hide widgets at certain hours. That is, hide the problem. L-net libraries can either lie to patrons or sweep the vendor’s dirt under the carpet, which renders the widgets less useful. This whole story is another example of the inadequacies of vendor driven solutions to library problems, and perhaps their unwillingness to enter in a dialog and/or be responsive.
Caleb references the open source library chat box project libraryh3lp but doesn’t go so far as to recommend ditching QP and going with an open source solution. Clearly L-net has a decent amount of money and training time invested in QP so I can understand why he might be reluctant.
I just wonder when libraries are going to get fed up with buying things they don’t really want.
all sorts of goodness from Vancouver Public Library
How are Canadians so cool? Not only does the Vancouver Public Library have a beautiful, entirely usable website that features library users on the front page, they also have a neat set of programs coming up. Here’s a bit of the press release:
SPEAK UP 2008: MY VIRTUAL WORLD LIBRARY DIALOGUE SERIES EXAMINES E-WORLD(Vancouver, B.C.) – From February 19 to March 11, the Vancouver Public Library will host a lively exchange of ideas and discussion at Speak Up 2008: My Virtual World, where participants will explore the role of technology in our lives.
During this intriguing four-part series, expert panelists representing a broad range of perspectives on technology in the virtual and real worlds will address four key aspects of e-activity: Online Privacy, Gaming, Information Online and the Social Impacts of Our Virtual World. Participants are invited to share their thoughts about the role of technology in our world and how the rapidly advancing virtual world is increasingly intersecting with our daily lives.
There’s also a nice looking PDF, SpeakUp 2008 Booklet, My Virtual World, that contains info about the events, and lists relevant library books and databases. What an interesting and timely series of talks.
Ok, one more thing about the front page of the VPL website. Take a look at how much above the fold screen real estate they devote to featuring a library user. About one fifth, right? Someone made the decision to be literally user centered in this case, and it works. It illustrates that the library is full of people. It is social.
And each patron quote highlights a related library service.
Their website is newly redesigned, and I know this because they’re offering a one hour “Virtual VPL: The New Library Website” class. Clearly I’m a fan. Way to go VPL!

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